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Subject Pronouns
Every English sentence needs a subject: the person or thing doing the action. Subject pronouns are the seven words that stand in for that subject so you don't have to repeat a name every time: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. They always come before the verb, and English never lets you drop them, even when it feels repetitive. Get comfortable with these seven words and you'll be able to build real sentences about any person, animal, or thing.
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Verb To Be: Affirmative
Ever wanted to introduce yourself in English and didn't know what to say after I? The verb to be (am, is, are) covers both being and states like feelings or location. It has three present-tense forms, and each one goes with a different subject: am with I, is with he, she, it, and are with you, we, they. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to build complete affirmative sentences with all three forms, and understand why English never lets you drop the subject.
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Verb To Be: Contractions
Do you feel like you sound robotic saying I am, you are, she is all the time? Contractions of the verb to be are the short, natural way of joining the pronoun with am, is, or are using an apostrophe: I am becomes I'm, she is becomes she's, and they are becomes they're. Native speakers use them almost every time they talk or text, and they mean exactly the same as the long form, just smoother. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to form all seven contractions and sound a lot more natural in any conversation.
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Verb To Be: Negative
Do you know how to say I am a student but freeze when you want to say you're NOT a student? The negative form of the verb to be is built by putting the word not right after am, is, or are: I am not, you are not, he is not. You don't need extra words like do or don't, that's for other verbs, you just add not after the verb and you're done. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to negate any sentence with the verb to be and say what you're NOT, what ISN'T the case, or where you're NOT.
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Verb To Be: Negative Contractions
In real English, almost nobody says I am not or she is not in full: negative contractions take over. There are two ways to contract the negative: joining the verb with not (is not becomes isn't, are not becomes aren't), or joining the subject with the verb and leaving not on its own (he is not becomes he's not). There's one special case: with I, you always say I'm not, because amn't doesn't exist. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to negate naturally and recognize both ways of contracting.
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Verb To Be: Questions
You already know how to say things like I am happy or she is a teacher. Now for the most useful part: asking questions. How do you turn a sentence into a question with the verb to be? Easier than you think: just move the verb to the front. You are ready becomes Are you ready? No strange words, no auxiliaries like do. In this lesson you'll learn to ask simple questions, answer them with short answers, and use words like what and where to ask for information.
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Possessive Adjectives
Possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) show who something belongs to, and they always go right before the noun they describe: my book, your phone, her bag. The tricky part for many learners is that English separates his (belonging to a man) from her (belonging to a woman), a distinction not every language makes. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to say who owns what without mixing them up.
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Object Pronouns
You already know that I, you, he do the action: I work, she runs. But what happens when the action happens TO someone? That's where object pronouns come in: me, you, him, her, it, us, them. They receive the action and go after the verb or after a preposition: she loves me, call him, talk to us. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to say who the action happens to without mixing up subject and object.
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Possessive Pronouns
You already know possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, our, their), which go before a noun: my book, her car. Now for the other side: possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs). These stand ALONE, with no noun next to them, because they already replace it. Instead of "this is my book" you can say "this book is mine." By the end of this lesson you'll be able to say who owns something in a short, natural way without sounding repetitive.
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A vs An
The indefinite article is used to mention something for the first time, without saying exactly which one. English has two forms, a and an, and the choice depends on the SOUND that follows, not the spelling. Before a consonant sound you use a (a book), and before a vowel sound you use an (an apple). Most of the time the sound matches the spelling, but there are a few fun traps you'll see here. By the end, you'll choose the right one without thinking twice.
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The Article 'The'
If a and an are for something general or mentioned for the first time, the is the opposite: it's used for something specific, unique, or already mentioned. Many learners tend to overuse the, adding it to general statements where English leaves it out (languages, general plurals, meals). Here you'll learn when to use it and, most importantly, when to leave it out.
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Regular Plurals
The plural is used to talk about more than one thing: one cat, two cats. Good news: the base rule is very simple, for most nouns you just add an -s. The only new part is three spelling details: when to add -es instead of -s, and what happens with words ending in y. Here you'll learn the three rules for regular plurals so you never misspell one.
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Irregular Plurals
You already saw that most plurals in English just take an -s (cat becomes cats). But there's a small group that doesn't follow that rule: irregular plurals. Instead of adding -s, they change form: man becomes men, child becomes children, foot becomes feet. There aren't many of them, but they're used constantly, so they're worth memorizing. The good news is it's a short list, and here are the important ones, with a trick for the one that confuses people most.
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Possessive 's
To show that something belongs to someone in English, you usually put the owner first, add an apostrophe and s (the 's), and then the thing: Mary's car. That little 's is the most common way to express possession in English, especially when the owner is a person or animal. Here you'll learn when to use 's, when to use just the apostrophe, and how it's different from the contraction of is, which looks exactly the same.
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Adjectives
To describe what people, things, or places are like, you use adjectives: big, happy, new. English adjectives follow two rules that make them easier than in many other languages. First: they go BEFORE the noun, not after (a big house). Second, and the best part: they never change. Forget about masculine, feminine, singular, and plural. Tall is always tall: a tall man, a tall woman, two tall men. Here you'll learn to place adjectives correctly and describe anything you want.
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Adjective Order
Using a single adjective is easy: a big house. But what happens when you stack several together? English adjectives follow a fixed order. You say a big red car, never "a red big car". The general rule is: opinion first, then size, then age, then color, right before the noun. Here you'll learn that order with simple examples so it sounds natural.
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There Is / There Are
To say that something exists or is in a place, English uses there is and there are. The choice depends on quantity: for one thing, you use there is (There is a book); for two or more, you use there are (There are three books). Learning when to use is and when to use are is the only new part, since the idea itself is simple.
- 1812
Some vs Any
You've already seen some and any in sentences with there is and there are. Here's the rule, and it's simple: use some in affirmative sentences (There are some apples) and any in negatives and questions (There aren't any apples, Are there any apples?). Both talk about a quantity without giving an exact number, with plurals (some/any apples) and uncountables (some/any water). The choice depends only on the type of sentence: affirm with some, negate and ask with any.
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There isn't / aren't
Making negatives is easy once you know how to say there is and there are. You just add not to the verb, and you almost always contract it: there isn't (singular) and there aren't (plural). A new word shows up here too, any, used with plurals and uncountables in the negative: There aren't any chairs. Nothing else changes: the logic of one thing versus several is exactly the one you already know.
- 2012
Is there / Are there
Asking questions in English has one key trick: you have to flip the word order. For one thing you use Is there, and for several you use Are there. They're the same words from there is and there are, just flipped around. With plurals, the word any shows up: Are there any tickets?
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This / that / these / those
To point at things, you use demonstratives: this, that, these, those. There are two details to remember. First, distance: this and these are for something near you, and that and those are for something far away. Second, number: this and that are singular, these and those are plural. Since you'll almost always use them with the verb to be, here you'll also see how to negate (This isn't...), ask questions (Is this...? Are these...?), and answer with short answers (Yes, it is / No, they aren't).
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Present simple: affirmative
The present simple is the tense you use to talk about routines, habits, and things that are always true: what you do every day, your job, where you live. The good news: with I, you, we, and they, the verb doesn't change at all. You just use the base verb as it is: I work, you work, we work, they work. Learn the subject, add the verb, no extra endings.
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Present simple: third person
You've already seen that with I, you, we, and they, the verb doesn't change. Now comes the one part of the present simple that does change: he, she, it. With these three subjects, you add an s to the verb: He works, She lives, It rains. The only new thing here is spelling, because sometimes it's not just an s but es, and sometimes y turns into ies. But the idea is simple: third person singular, verb gets an s.
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Have vs Has
The verb have is one of the most used in English. The only tricky part is that it has two forms in the present simple: have and has. With I, you, we, and they you use have (I have, you have). With he, she, and it you use has (he has, she has). It's irregular: in the third person you don't say "haves", you say has.
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Present simple: negative
To make a negative in the present simple, you need a helper word: do not or does not. You add do not with I, you, we, they, and does not with he, she, it, followed by the base verb. The most important part, and the one people get wrong most: with does not the verb loses its s, because the s already moved to does. He works, but He does not work.
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Present simple: contractions
Don't and doesn't are simply the short forms of do not and does not. The apostrophe replaces the o. In speech, almost nobody uses the long form: you use don't with I, you, we, and they, and doesn't with he, she, and it. Same rule you already know, and the verb still stays in its base form: He doesn't work, not "He doesn't works".
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Present simple: questions
To ask a question in the present simple, you need a helper word at the start: do or does. With I, you, we, and they you use do (Do you work?). With he, she, and it you use does (Does she work?). Just like in negatives, the verb stays in its base form: Does she like, not "Does she likes".
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Do/Does and Don't/Doesn't
Do, does, don't, and doesn't look like four different things, but they all come from a single verb (do) and follow a single rule: the subject decides. With I, you, we, and they you use do (questions) and don't (negatives). With he, she, and it you use does and doesn't. You never have to think about the verb, only about who the subject is. This lesson is the master key that ties together present simple questions and negatives.
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Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of frequency say how often you do something: always, usually, sometimes, and never. The tricky part isn't the meaning, it's the position: they go before the main verb (I always drink coffee), but after the verb to be (She is always happy). And watch out for never: it's already negative, so the verb stays affirmative.
- 3014
Imperative
The imperative is the simplest form in English: just the base verb, with no subject. You use it for commands (Open the door), instructions (Mix the eggs), directions (Turn right), and polite requests with please (Please sit down). To say the opposite, you just add Don't in front: Don't open the door, Don't worry. Best part: it never changes based on who you're talking to. One single Open / Don't open works whether you're talking to one person, several, someone you know well, or a stranger.
- 3114
Can: ability
Can is the most useful modal verb in English for talking about abilities: what you know how to do or are able to do. I can swim means you know how to swim. Its negative is can't (short for cannot): I can't swim. To ask, you flip the order: Can you swim? The best part: can never changes based on the subject (no -s with he/she/it), never needs a helper word to ask or negate, and is answered with short answers (Yes, I can / No, I can't). It's one of the easiest topics in English.
- 3213
Can: permission & requests
In the previous lesson you learned can for ability (I can swim). Here you'll see an equally important use: using can in questions to ask for permission (Can I leave?) or ask for a favor (Can you help me?). The form is the same one you already know (Can + subject + base verb + ?), but the USE is very different. You'll also see how to sound more polite with please and with could, the more courteous version of can.
- 3314
Prepositions of place
Prepositions of place tell you WHERE something is. The three most important are in (inside), on (on top of / touching), and at (a specific point). This lesson gives you the clear rule so you stop guessing, plus the most common relative prepositions: next to, between, under, behind, and in front of.
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Prepositions of time
Prepositions of time tell you WHEN something happens. The three most important are the same ones you saw with place (in, on, at), but the rules are completely different. Luckily, the time rules are very clear with almost no exceptions: in for long periods (months, years, seasons), on for specific days (Monday, dates, birthdays), and at for exact moments (exact hours, night, short holidays). In this lesson you'll master all of them and learn how to tell them apart from the place versions.
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Prepositions of movement
Prepositions of movement tell you the DIRECTION of a movement: where you're going, where you're coming from, and which way you're moving. The basics are to (destination), from (origin), into (entering), and out of (leaving), but there are more: up (going up), down (going down), across (crossing), through (going through the inside of something), around (going around), and towards (heading toward). They all pair with movement verbs like go, walk, run, drive, and jump. Mastering them helps you give directions, tell stories about trips, and describe your day naturally.
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Countable / uncountable
In English, nouns split into two groups: countable and uncountable. Countable nouns are things you can count one by one: one apple, two apples. Uncountable nouns are things you DON'T count individually, but treat as a mass or a concept: water, sugar, music, money. This matters because it affects the article (a/an or some), the plural (with or without -s), and the quantifiers (many with countables, much with uncountables). Watch out: some nouns might feel like they should be countable but English treats them as uncountable (information, advice, news, furniture). Those are the ones that trip learners up the most.
- 3714
How much / How many
How much and How many both ask about quantities, but they're NOT interchangeable: many goes with countable nouns (How many apples?), much goes with uncountable nouns (How much water?). If you've mastered countable vs uncountable, this is just applying the rule. On top of that, How much is used to ask about PRICES (How much is it?), one of the most practical uses in everyday English. In this lesson you'll build the questions, know when to use each one, and learn to answer naturally.
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Present continuous: affirmative
The present continuous is how you talk about what's happening RIGHT NOW: I am working, She is studying, They are playing. It's formed with am/is/are (which you already know from the verb to be) plus the verb with -ing at the end. The only new thing here is the -ing spelling rule, which has a few small cases depending on how the verb ends. In this lesson you'll build the affirmative form, master the -ing rule, and see the three main uses: talking about what's happening now, what's happening these days, and upcoming plans.
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Present continuous: negative/questions
In the previous lesson you learned the affirmative present continuous (I am working). Here you'll see the other two forms: negating (you're not doing something) and asking (finding out if someone is doing something). Both are simple: to negate, you just add not after am/is/are (I am not working / I'm not working). To ask, you flip the order (Am I working?). You don't need do or does like in the Present Simple; here am/is/are already does all the work. You'll also master the natural short answers (Yes, I am / No, I'm not).
- 4015
Present simple vs continuous
This is one of the topics that trips learners up the most: when do you use the Present Simple (I work) and when the Present Continuous (I am working)? Both forms exist because they mean different things. The basic rule: Present Simple for routines and general facts (I work in a hospital = that's my job in general). Present Continuous for actions happening RIGHT NOW or that are TEMPORARY (I am working from home today = just today). In this lesson you'll master the difference, learn the time markers for each tense, and discover stative verbs (know, love, want) that NEVER take the continuous form.
- 4113
Have got
have got is a very common way in English to say what you HAVE (possession). It means the same as "have": I've got a car = I have a car. The difference is that have got contracts with the subject (I've, he's, she's) and sounds more natural in conversation, especially in British English. In this lesson you'll master all 7 affirmative forms, the negatives (haven't got, hasn't got), the questions (Have you got…?), and short answers. It's ideal for talking about things you own, family, physical features, or belongings.
- 4214
Have got vs have
You already know how to form have got. Now the practical question: when do you use have got and when do you use have? Both are correct for POSSESSION, but there's a simple rule. Have got only exists in the present and only works for possession. Have works everywhere: present, past, and future, and it's the only option for actions like having lunch, taking a shower, or having a meeting. If you're ever unsure, have never fails. In this lesson you'll learn the difference, when each one sounds more natural (British vs American English), and the typical mistakes learners make when mixing them.
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Like + -ing
To talk about what you like, love, or hate doing in English, there's a simple rule: after like, love, hate, or enjoy, the next verb takes the -ing form. For example: I like swimming, I love cooking, I hate waiting. The verb itself doesn't change, you just add -ing to the end. In this lesson you'll master the structure, the spelling rules for -ing (when to double a consonant, when to drop the e), negatives with don't/doesn't, and questions with Do/Does plus short answers.
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Would like
Would like is the polite way to say "I want" or "I'd like" in English. It's the key phrase for ordering in restaurants, cafes, and shops, and for talking about what you'd like to do in the future. It's almost always contracted as I'd like. It works two ways: with a noun (I'd like a coffee) or with to + the base verb (I'd like to travel). In this lesson you'll master both forms, the negative, the questions (Would you like…?), and the KEY difference between would like and like + -ing (a specific request vs a general preference).
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Let's
When you want to suggest doing something together with someone (you and another person, or a group), the shortest and most natural way in English is Let's + verb. For example: Let's go! Let's eat. Let's study together. It's the go-to phrase for proposing a shared activity. In this lesson you'll master the affirmative form, the negative (Let's not), the most natural ways to accept or decline a suggestion, and the typical mistakes learners make with it.
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Comparatives
Comparatives are how you compare two things and say that one has more (or less) of a quality than the other: taller, cheaper, or better. You use them all the time to describe, give opinions, and make choices (this phone is cheaper than that one). In this lesson you'll learn how to form them step by step, with a clear rule table, examples, and exercises to practice right away.
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Superlatives
The superlative is how you say that something is the maximum or minimum in an entire group: the tallest, the most expensive, the best. It's the comparative taken to the extreme, and you use it all the time to point things out, make recommendations, and describe records (the best, the most popular). It always starts with the, and you say which group you mean with in or of. In this lesson you'll form it step by step, with a clear rule table, examples, and exercises to practice.
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Wh questions
Have you ever wanted to ask "where do you work?" or "why are you learning English?" and weren't sure how to start? Wh questions (what, where, when, who, why, how) are the six words English uses to ask for specific information: things, places, times, people, reasons, and ways. They're the most common question type in any real conversation. In this lesson you'll learn what each one means and how to build them correctly.
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Conjunctions
Do you feel like your English sounds choppy, like a series of short, disconnected sentences? Conjunctions (and, but, or, because, so) are the five words that link your ideas and make your English flow. Each one has a different job: adding, contrasting, offering options, explaining causes, or showing consequences. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to join your sentences and express longer, more natural ideas.
- 5015
Quantifiers
How do you say a large or small amount of something in English? There isn't just one word: it depends on whether the noun is countable or not. Quantifiers (much, many, a lot of, a few, a little) are the words that express how much or how many of something there is. The key is knowing whether the noun is countable (friends, books) or uncountable (money, water), because that decides which one you use. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to talk about quantities without falling into mistakes like "many informations".
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Was and Were
Want to describe what your childhood home was like or how you felt yesterday, but only know how to speak in the present? The verb to be in the past has just two forms: was and were. The form changes depending on the subject: was goes with I, he, she, it, and were goes with you, we, they. You'll also learn to negate with wasn't and weren't and how to ask questions. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to describe people, places, and moments from the past using the most-used verb in English.
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There was / There were
Want to describe what your neighborhood was like as a kid, or what was at a party? There was and there were are the past version of 'there is' and 'there are': they're used to say that something existed. You use there was for one thing and there were for several, the same distinction you already know for the present. You'll also learn to make negatives and questions. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to describe places, situations, and memories from the past.
- 5315
Was/Were vs Am/Is/Are
Can you say what you're like today but get stuck comparing it to how you used to be? This lesson connects the present (am, is, are) and the past (was, were) of the verb to be so you can contrast now with before: I am tired now, but I was fine yesterday. The key is changing only the verb form based on the time, without touching the rest of the sentence. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to shift any sentence from present to past and talk about changes and memories.
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Regular verbs -ed
Want to talk about what you did yesterday (that you worked, played, or studied) but aren't sure how to form the past? Regular verbs form the Past Simple by adding -ed to the end: work becomes worked, play becomes played. They're the majority of verbs in English and the foundation for talking about the past. There are a few small spelling rules depending on how the verb ends, and three ways to pronounce that -ed. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to form and pronounce the past of hundreds of regular verbs.
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Irregular verbs
Do you know how to say "I go" but not "I went", or "I eat" but not "I ate"? Irregular verbs are the ones that do NOT form the past with -ed: they change shape completely (go becomes went, eat becomes ate, have becomes had). They don't follow a rule, so you learn them by heart, but the good news is the most common ones are a short list you use all the time. By the end of this lesson you'll be able to use the 20 most important irregular verbs to talk about the past.
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Going to (affirmative)
Going to is the most common way to talk about the future when you already have a plan or an intention. It also works to predict something when there's evidence right in front of you. In this lesson you'll build the affirmative step by step, with its contractions, examples, and exercises.
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Going to (negative/questions)
You already know how to make affirmative sentences with going to; now it's time to negate it and ask questions, which is what you need for real conversations. It's easier than it looks because only one piece moves. In this lesson you'll master the negative, yes/no questions, wh- questions, and short answers, with examples and practice.
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Will (affirmative)
Will is the simplest future form in English: a single word that never changes based on the subject, always followed by the base form of a verb. You use it to make predictions, promises, and decisions made right on the spot (I will help you). In this lesson you'll build the affirmative, see its contraction ('ll), and learn its uses, with examples and practice.
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Will (negative/questions)
You already know how to make affirmative sentences with will; now you'll learn to negate and ask questions, which is what you need for real conversations. The best part is will stays invariable, so it's very easy. In this lesson you'll master the negative with won't, yes/no questions, wh- questions, and short answers, with examples and exercises.
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Going to vs Will
Going to and will are the two future forms in English, and the most common doubt is which one to use in each case. The good news: there's a clear rule that lets you choose without overthinking it. In this lesson you'll tell them apart with everyday examples and exercises, so you stop hesitating between "I will" and "I am going to".