"Think/believe" van tipicamente seguidos de "that" o "so/not" para expresar opinion; "consider/find" construyen la opinion de forma diferente: "consider + objeto + [adj/sustantivo]" o "find + objeto + [adj/participio]." Las estructuras no son intercambiables.
THINK y BELIEVE: la forma mas directa de expresar opinion o creencia. THINK: "I think (that) the proposal is viable" = creo que. Coloquial y formal. La THAT puede omitirse. Uso especial: "I think so" (creo que si) / "I think not / I do not think so" (creo que no). Nota: "I don't think he is right" = preferable a "I think he isn't right" en el ingles estandar (la negacion "sube" al verbo principal: "I DON'T think" en lugar de negar la subordinada). BELIEVE: mas formal y con mayor grado de conviccion. "I believe this approach is fundamentally flawed" = creo firmemente que. Tambien: "believe in" = creer en (la existencia o el valor de algo): "I believe in diversity." DIFERENCIA THINK vs BELIEVE: THINK = opinion personal, puede ser provisional. BELIEVE = mayor conviccion, a menudo valor o principio. Ambos usan "I think/believe that..."
I think the revised pricing model represents a meaningful step forward, but I do not think it goes far enough to address the structural cost competitiveness issues in the premium segment.
Creo que el modelo de precios revisado representa un avance significativo, pero no creo que llegue lo suficientemente lejos para abordar los problemas estructurales de competitividad en costes en el segmento premium.
We believe that the integration of artificial intelligence capabilities into the core workflow engine will substantially improve throughput, reduce error rates, and ultimately deliver a measurably better experience for end users.
Creemos que la integracion de las capacidades de inteligencia artificial en el motor de flujo de trabajo principal mejorara sustancialmente el rendimiento, reducira las tasas de error y, en ultimo termino, ofrecera una experiencia notablemente mejor a los usuarios finales.
"Does the committee believe the current organizational structure is fit for purpose?" / "We believe so, although we acknowledge there may be opportunities for optimization in certain functional areas."
"¿Cree el comite que la estructura organizativa actual es apta para su proposito?" / "Asi lo creemos, aunque reconocemos que puede haber oportunidades de optimizacion en determinadas areas funcionales."
CONSIDER y FIND: verbos de evaluacion que expresan opinion pero con estructuras gramaticales DISTINTAS a THINK/BELIEVE. CONSIDER + OBJETO + ADJETIVO / SUSTANTIVO: "I consider this approach risky" = considero este enfoque arriesgado. Sin "that." "I consider the proposal a significant improvement" = considero la propuesta una mejora significativa. CONSIDER IT + ADJETIVO: "I consider it essential that we review the data" = considero esencial que. CONSIDER + GERUNDIO (para contemplar una accion, no expresar opinion): "I am considering implementing the changes" = estoy pensando en implementar. FIND + OBJETO + ADJETIVO / PARTICIPIO: "I find the results encouraging" = encuentro los resultados alentadores. "I find it difficult to believe" = me resulta dificil creer. FEEL: para impresiones o intuiciones. "I feel (that) this is the wrong direction" = siento que (percepcion subjetiva). "I feel the approach is sound" = tengo la sensacion de que.
The risk committee considers the current exposure to currency fluctuation an acceptable level of risk given the natural hedges embedded in the company's diversified international revenue base.
El comite de riesgos considera que el nivel actual de exposicion a las fluctuaciones de divisas es un nivel de riesgo aceptable, dados los coberturas naturales incluidas en la diversificada base de ingresos internacionales de la empresa.
Investors may find it reassuring to note that the company has maintained an investment-grade credit rating throughout the period, reflecting the strength of its underlying cash generation and balance sheet management.
A los inversores puede resultarles tranquilizador observar que la empresa ha mantenido una calificacion crediticia de grado de inversion durante todo el periodo, lo que refleja la solidez de su generacion de efectivo subyacente y la gestion de su balance.
I feel that the board has underestimated the cultural complexity involved in integrating two organizations with such different historical legacies and decision-making styles.
Tengo la sensacion de que el consejo ha subestimado la complejidad cultural que supone la integracion de dos organizaciones con legados historicos y estilos de toma de decisiones tan diferentes.
Error frecuente
ERRORES FRECUENTES: (1) "Consider that it is risky" = INCORRECTO para CONSIDER de evaluacion. CONSIDER de evaluacion = CONSIDER + objeto + adjetivo/sustantivo (sin "that"). "I consider it risky" / "I consider this proposal a risk." "Consider that..." = CORRECTO solo en sentido de "tener en cuenta que": "Consider that the market is changing" (toma en cuenta que...). (2) "I find that the results encouraging" = INCORRECTO. FIND de evaluacion = FIND + objeto + adjetivo (sin "that"): "I find the results encouraging." Con "that" cambia: "I find that the results are encouraging" = descubro / llego a la conclusion de que los resultados son alentadores (diferente matiz — el hablante ha llegado a una conclusion). (3) "I consider to review the data" = INCORRECTO. CONSIDER + gerundio (para accion contemplada): "I am considering REVIEWING the data" (no to-infinitivo).
Truco para recordarlo
LA ESTRUCTURA DE CADA VERBO: THINK/BELIEVE = verbo + (that) + clausula completa con sujeto y verbo. CONSIDER = verbo + objeto + adjetivo/sustantivo (sin "that"). FIND = verbo + objeto + adjetivo/participio (sin "that" para la evaluacion simple). FEEL = verbo + (that) + clausula (como think). NEGACION DE OPINION: usa la negacion en el verbo principal: "I DON'T think he is right" (no "I think he ISN'T right"). "I DON'T believe it is viable" (no "I believe it ISN'T viable"). THINK SO / BELIEVE SO: la respuesta comprimida usa SO: "Do you think the proposal is viable?" / "I think so" = creo que si.
Regla rápida
Think/believe + that-clausula (o so/not). Consider + objeto + adj/sustantivo (sin "that"). Find + objeto + adj/participio (sin "that"). Negacion sube al verbo principal: "I don't think..." (no "I think...not"). Consider + gerundio = contemplar una accion (no opinion). "Consider that" = tener en cuenta que (no evaluacion).
¿Sabías que...?
El fenomeno de "NEGACION QUE SUBE AL VERBO PRINCIPAL" (Neg-raising) con verbos de opinion como THINK, BELIEVE, EXPECT y FEEL es uno de los fenomenos pragmaticos mas estudiados en la linguistica cognitiva. La regla es: "I don't think he is here" generalmente se interpreta como "I think he is NOT here" — la negacion semanticamente afecta a la clausula subordinada aunque gramaticalmente este en la clausula principal. Esto NO ocurre con todos los verbos: "I don't know if he is here" NO equivale a "I know he is not here." Solo ocurre con verbos de opinion, creencia, y percepcion (think, believe, suppose, expect, feel, seem). Los linguistas han debatido durante decadas si esta equivalencia es un fenomeno SINTACTICO (la negacion se mueve realmente en la gramatica) o PRAGMATICO/SEMANTICO (el oyente infiere la equivalencia por razones pragmaticas). El debate sigue abierto en la linguistica teorica.
Ejercicio 1 · Elige la correcta
After a thorough review of all available options, the investment committee _____ the proposed acquisition an acceptable level of risk given the strategic rationale and the quality of the target's management team.
Ejercicio 2 · Elige la correcta
Many analysts _____ the current valuation of the sector reflects excessive optimism that is unlikely to be sustained once the forthcoming earnings season reveals the true impact of margin compression.
Ejercicio 3 · Forma la palabra
Think/believe + that-clausula (o so/not). Consider + objeto + adj/sustantivo (sin "that"). Find + objeto + adj/participio (sin "that"). Negacion sube al verbo principal: "I don't think..." (no "I think...not"). Consider + gerundio = contemplar una accion (no opinion). "Consider that" = tener en cuenta que (no evaluacion).
ERRORES FRECUENTES: (1) "Consider that it is risky" = INCORRECTO para CONSIDER de evaluacion. CONSIDER de evaluacion = CONSIDER + objeto + adjetivo/sustantivo (sin "that"). "I consider it risky" / "I consider this proposal a risk." "Consider that..." = CORRECTO solo en sentido de "tener en cuenta que": "Consider that the market is changing" (toma en cuenta que...). (2) "I find that the results encouraging" = INCORRECTO. FIND de evaluacion = FIND + objeto + adjetivo (sin "that"): "I find the results encouraging." Con "that" cambia: "I find that the results are encouraging" = descubro / llego a la conclusion de que los resultados son alentadores (diferente matiz — el hablante ha llegado a una conclusion). (3) "I consider to review the data" = INCORRECTO. CONSIDER + gerundio (para accion contemplada): "I am considering REVIEWING the data" (no to-infinitivo).
LA ESTRUCTURA DE CADA VERBO: THINK/BELIEVE = verbo + (that) + clausula completa con sujeto y verbo. CONSIDER = verbo + objeto + adjetivo/sustantivo (sin "that"). FIND = verbo + objeto + adjetivo/participio (sin "that" para la evaluacion simple). FEEL = verbo + (that) + clausula (como think). NEGACION DE OPINION: usa la negacion en el verbo principal: "I DON'T think he is right" (no "I think he ISN'T right"). "I DON'T believe it is viable" (no "I believe it ISN'T viable"). THINK SO / BELIEVE SO: la respuesta comprimida usa SO: "Do you think the proposal is viable?" / "I think so" = creo que si.
Bryan López
Fundador de SpeakUP Academy