ESEN
Which one to use?Beginnerdeterminernoun / verb
SomevsSum
'Some' means an unspecified amount or number; 'sum' is the total of added numbers or an amount of money.
Side-by-side comparison
Some
determiner"Some" indicates an unspecified quantity or number. "Some people" = a certain number of people. "Can I have some water?" = a quantity of water. Works with both countable and uncountable nouns.
Could I have some water, please?
Some of the delegates arrived late to the opening session.
We need some extra time to finalise the budget.
Sum
noun / verb"Sum" is the total result of adding numbers together. Also an amount of money. "Sum up" = to summarise or recap. "In sum" = to put it briefly, as a final statement.
The sum of all expenses exceeded the annual budget by fifteen percent.
She invested a significant sum in upgrading the company servers.
To sum up, we need to reduce costs and increase revenue simultaneously.
Common mistake
- •"The some of all the numbers" when meaning the total is wrong (correct: sum).
- •And "To some up the meeting" when meaning summarise is wrong (correct: sum up).
Trick to remember it
- •"Some" ends in OME like "home" and "come", comfortable, indefinite.
- •"Sum" ends in UM like "number", precise, mathematical, countable.
Quick rule
Is it an unspecified amount or "certain ones"? "Some." Is it the total, a money amount, or to summarise (sum up)? "Sum."
Did you know?
"In sum" and "to sum up" come from Latin "summa," meaning the total or the highest point. The same root gave "summit" (mountain top, major meeting), the idea of something at the peak or maximum. "Summary" and "summarize" also come from "summa." Interestingly, "summer" does NOT come from this root: it comes from Old English "sumor," with a completely different etymology. The sound similarity between "sum" and "summer" is pure coincidence, which surprises most native speakers when they learn it.
Practise what you learned
Exercise 1 · Pick the right one
She found _____ old photos in the attic that she hadn't seen for years.
Exercise 2 · Pick the right one
Could you add up these numbers? What's the total _____?
Exercise 3 · Form the word
Related word pairs
AcceptvsExcept
One means to receive or agree to something, the other means to exclude or not include.
AdvicevsAdvise
'Advice' is the guidance you receive (noun); 'advise' is the act of giving that guidance (verb).
AffectvsEffect
'Affect' is the verb meaning to influence something; 'effect' is the noun meaning result or consequence.
AislevsIsle
'Aisle' is the walkway between rows of seats or shelves; 'isle' is a small island.
Bryan López
Founder of SpeakUP Academy